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The President George Bush Turnpike (PGBT) is a 〔North Texas Tollway Authority - (About Our Roadways )〕 toll road running through the northern, northeastern and western suburbs, forming a partial loop around Dallas, Texas, United States. It is named for George H. W. Bush, the 41st President of the United States. At its west end near Belt Line Road in Irving, State Highway 161 (SH 161) continues southwest to Interstate 20 in Grand Prairie. The discontinuous free frontage roads along the Turnpike from Interstate 35E in Carrollton east to its end at Interstate 30 in Garland are assigned the State Highway 190 (SH 190) designation. "190 TEXAS" signage appears only along the Garland, Richardson, Plano, and Carrollton sections of the frontage road with the undersign "frontage road only." At intersections with city streets, only the Bush Turnpike signs are displayed, not the "190 TEXAS" signage. Prior to the construction of the main lanes as a tollway, SH 190 was used as the name of the planned main lanes too. Similarly, the part west of I-35E was planned as part of SH 161. Bush Turnpike is signed as an east–west road east of I-35E and as a north–south road west (i.e., south) of I-35E, as Bush Turnpike makes a nearly 90-degree curve immediately west of its I-35E interchange. The turnpike is operated by the North Texas Tollway Authority (NTTA). Currently, all maintenance is done under a five-year Total Routine Maintenance (TRM) contract with Roy Jorgensen Associates, Inc. based in Buckeystown, Maryland that started in November 2011. The turnpike passes through three Texas counties (Dallas, Collin and Denton) and nine Dallas suburbs (Rowlett, Sachse, Garland, Richardson, Plano, Carrollton, Farmers Branch, Irving and Grand Prairie). Originally PGBT was equipped with traditional toll plazas for cash payment as well as RFID-based TollTag express lanes. However on July 1, 2009 the cash plazas were closed and replaced with "ZipCash", an OCR-based camera system which reads the license plate and bills the owner by mail. This made the turnpike the first in the United States to transition to all-electronic toll collection.〔 The ZipCash rates, however, come at a premium being significantly higher than both the TollTag rate and the earlier cash prices.〔(''Life in the fast lane: Bush Turnpike converts to cashless toll collection to improve traffic flow'' ) Kim Nguyen, Plano Star-Courier, June 28, 2009.〕 == History == The corridor of SH 161 and the Turnpike was first proposed as an outer loop within Dallas County in 1957.〔Chris Kelley, (Construction set to start on long-planned tollway ), Dallas Morning News, April 28, 1996〕 The 1964 plan was the first to designate it as a freeway,〔(TexasFreeway - Historic Dallas / Fort Worth Freeway Planning Maps )〕 and in 1969 the full loop was added to the state highway system as Loop 9. The loop would begin at Interstate 20 just east of the Tarrant County line and head north (along a corridor still planned as an extension of SH 161). From State Highway 183 it would run roughly along present SH 161, turning north on Belt Line Road and east just south of the Denton County line, crossing Interstate 35E near the present junction. Rather than cross into Denton and Tarrant Counties, the loop would stay in Dallas County, running roughly where Campbell Road is now. It would rejoin the present Turnpike alignment and head southeast to Interstate 30 west of Lake Ray Hubbard. The south part of the loop would continue in a roughly circular route to end at the junction of Interstate 20 and Spur 408, several miles east of the beginning of the loop. The short Spur 484, designated in 1970, would run from Loop 9 at Belt Line Road northeast along the present Turnpike alignment to Interstate 635.〔(TexasFreeway - Dallas/Fort Worth Freeway Planning Map, 1971 )〕 Some of the opposition to the loop came from the city of Richardson, which was already divided by the Central Expressway. In conjunction with Plano, the city acquired empty right-of-way about two miles (3 km) to the north, where the Turnpike now runs, and set the centerline of the right-of-way to the border between Richardson and Plano.〔 Loop 9 was cancelled in 1977, and the western and northern section was split between two new designations: State Highway 161 from Interstate 20 to State Highway 114 (at Belt Line Road) and State Highway 190 from Interstate 35E to State Highway 78. (The piece between SH 114 and IH 35E was removed from the state highway system.) Spur 484 was absorbed into SH 161 in 1979, making its northern terminus Interstate 635 (at Valley View Lane). The connection between I-635 and I-35E was added to SH 161 in 1988.〔〔〔〔 Construction on service roads began in late 1988 in north Garland and Richardson. A stack interchange was constructed in 1990 at U.S. Highway 75 in Richardson, which quickly became a white elephant as the structure remained abandoned for several years. In 1995 following a revision in federal laws, authorities agreed to shift to a toll financing scheme, providing an infusion of cash and new construction. The SH 190 designation was removed from the plans for the not-yet-constructed main lanes in 1996,〔 and in 1998 SH 161 was removed from the piece between Belt Line Road and I-635 (Segment V).〔 SH 190 was also the name of a route proposed in 1933 from Cuero southwestward to SH 119. That route was transferred to SH 29 by 1935. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「President George Bush Turnpike」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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